Eligibility Requirements:

1. Job Offer: You must have a job offer from a U.S. employer for a role that qualifies as a specialty occupation.

2. Educational Qualification: The position must require at least a bachelor’s degree or equivalent. You must have the appropriate degree or work experience to qualify.

3. Employer's Petition: Your employer must file a petition on your behalf with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Key Features:

1. Duration: The H-1B visa is typically granted for an initial period of up to three years. It can be extended for a maximum of six years.

2. Cap Limits: There is an annual cap on the number of H-1B visas issued, with exceptions for certain employers such as universities and non-profit research organizations.

3. Portability: If you change employers, the new employer must file a new H-1B petition for you. However, you can start working for the new employer as soon as the new petition is filed and received by USCIS.

Application Process:

1. Labor Condition Application (LCA): The employer must obtain an LCA from the Department of Labor (DOL), which certifies that the employer will pay the prevailing wage and meet other labor requirements.

2. Petition Filing: The employer files Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker, with USCIS along with the LCA, evidence of the worker’s qualifications, and other supporting documents.

3. USCIS Processing: USCIS reviews the petition and either approves or denies it. If approved, you may apply for a visa at a U.S. consulate if you are outside the U.S.

Benefits:

1. Work Authorization: Allows you to work legally in the U.S. for the sponsoring employer.

2. Dependents: Spouses and children (under 21) of H-1B visa holders may apply for H-4 dependent visas. H-4 visa holders may be eligible for work authorization under certain conditions.

Challenges:

1. Visa Cap: The annual cap can make it challenging to secure a visa due to high demand.

2. Complexity: The application process can be intricate and requires detailed documentation and compliance with regulations.

Recent Developments:

1. Legislation and Policy Changes: The H-1B program is subject to changes in immigration laws and policies, which can affect eligibility and processing times.